Inherently Interpretable Physics-Informed Neural Network for Battery Modeling and Prognosis.

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in modern society. Accurate modeling and prognosis are fundamental to achieving reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries. Accurately predicting the end-of-discharge (EOD) is critical for operations and decision-making when they are deployed to critical missions. Existing data-driven methods have large model parameters, which require a large amount of labeled data and the models are not interpretable. Model-based methods need to know many parameters related to battery design, and the models are difficult to solve. To bridge these gaps, this study proposes a physics-informed neural network (PINN), called battery neural network (BattNN), for battery modeling and prognosis. Specifically, we propose to design the structure of BattNN based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM). Therefore, the entire BattNN is completely constrained by physics. Its forward propagation process follows the physical laws, and the model is inherently interpretable. To validate the proposed method, we conduct the discharge experiments under random loading profiles and develop our dataset. Analysis and experiments show that the proposed BattNN only needs approximately 30 samples for training, and the average required training time is 21.5 s. Experimental results on three datasets show that our method can achieve high prediction accuracy with only a few learnable parameters. Compared with other neural networks, the prediction MAEs of our BattNN are reduced by 77.1%, 67.4%, and 75.0% on three datasets, respectively. Our data and code will be available at: https://github.com/wang-fujin/BattNN.

Prevalence of Frailty Among Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To systematically review the epidemiology of frailty in China, one of the world's most populous countries, and to provide insightful guidance for countries to deal with fast population ageing. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched until November 2022. Data from cross-sectional studies with a clear definition of frailty and a mean age ≥60 years were pooled using meta-analysis. Results: 64 studies (n = 106,826 participants) from 23 (67.6%) of China's provinces were included. The overall prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among older community dwellers was 10.1% (95% CI: 8.5%-11.7%) and 43.9% (95% CI: 40.1%-47.8%), respectively. Adults over 70 years, women, unmarried, living alone, and those with less education had higher odds of being frail. Furthermore, regional disparities in frailty were observed; people in rural areas or areas with worse economic conditions had a higher prevalence of frailty. Conclusion: A great variation in frailty prevalence was observed between subgroups of older adults stratified by common risk factors. The Chinese government should pay more attentions to seniors at high risk and regions with a high prevalence of frailty.

Exercise prehabilitation for patients with end-stage liver disease: a best practice implementation project.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to promote exercise prehabilitation in patients with end-stage liver disease during their waiting period for liver transplantation. INTRODUCTION: End-stage liver disease indirectly contributes to the development of sarcopenia and affects survival after liver transplantation because of low physiological reserves and insufficient aerobic capacity while awaiting transplantation. Exercise prehabilitation could reduce postoperative complications and promote postoperative recovery. METHODS: Following the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System, this study used six audit criteria derived from the JBI Evidence Summary. A baseline audit of six patients and nine nurses was conducted, analyzed barriers, established a prehabilitation process and improved interventions, followed by the implementation of exercise prehabilitation and follow-up audit. RESULTS: In the baseline audit, the results of the six criteria [(1) multimodal prehabilitation that includes exercise and other interventions where appropriate is offered to patients scheduled for abdominal surgery; (2) prior to the commencement of an exercise program an assessment of exercise contraindications, health status, treatments, physical activity level, functional capacity and quality of life is completed; (3) exercise programs are designed by appropriately qualified personnel; (4) exercise is delivered and supervised by appropriately qualified personnel; (5) exercise prescription is tailored to each individual patient; and (6) patient response to exercise is monitored throughout prehabilitation] were 0-22%. After implementing the best-practice strategies, all six criteria were set to 100%. Patients were aware of and had high compliance with exercise prehabilitation, nurses' and patients' knowledge of exercise rehabilitation improved, and nurses' implementation rate was significantly higher than before implementation ( P  < 0.05). The differences in the 6 min walking distance and Borg Fatigue Score between the preimplementation and postimplementation were statistically significant (all P  < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This best-practice implementation project is feasible. These results indicate that exercise prehabilitation could improve the preoperative walking capacity and fatigue of patients with end-stage liver disease. Ongoing best practices will be expected to develop in the future.

Dexmedetomidine for the prevention of delirium in adults admitted to the intensive care unit or post-operative care unit: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess any benefit or harm, we conducted a systematic review of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) allocating adults to dexmedetomidine versus placebo/no intervention for the prevention of delirium in intensive care or post-operative care units. DATA SOURCES: We searched Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and other databases. The last search was 9 April 2022. DATA EXTRACTION: Literature screening, data extraction and risk of bias volume 2 assessments were performed independently and in duplicate. Primary outcomes were occurrences of serious adverse events (SAEs), delirium and all-cause mortality. We used meta-analysis, Trial Sequential Analysis, and GRADE (Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). DATA SYNTHESIS: Eighty-one RCTs (15,745 patients) provided data for our primary outcomes. Results from trials at low risk of bias showed that dexmedetomidine may reduce the occurrence of the most frequently reported SAEs (relative risk [RR] 0.69; 95% CI 0.43-1.09), cumulated SAEs (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.52-0.95) and the occurrence of delirium (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.43-0.89). The certainty of evidence was very low for delirium. Mortality was very low in trials at low risk of bias (0.4% in the dexmedetomidine groups and 1.0% in the control groups) and meta-analysis did not provide conclusive evidence that dexmedetomidine may result in lower or higher all-cause mortality (RR 0.47; 95% CI 0.18-1.21). There was a lack of information from trial results at low risk of bias for all primary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Trial results at low risk of bias showed that dexmedetomidine might reduce occurrences of SAEs and delirium, while no conclusive evidence was found for effects on all-cause mortality. The certainty of evidence ranged from very low for occurrence of delirium to low for the remaining outcomes.

Adaptive-back-stepping-based controller design for double-pendulum rotary cranes.

The operating process of rotary crane is often very complicated and there are many unpredictable conditions, such as the condition of the load sway around the hook, which will undoubtedly make the sway characteristics analysis of the system and the controller design become more difficult. In addition, for the purpose of decreasing the complexity of controller design, traditional control methods often perform model linearization processing operation, which can reduce the robustness of the system to a certain extent (when the parameters of the crane are unknown or there are external disturbances, the control capability of traditional control methods will be largely degraded). Based on the above, this paper first uses kinematic analysis to derive rotary crane model, and then proposes a nonlinear controller based on adaptive back-stepping method to achieve pendulum elimination and boom positioning. Then the stability of the system is proved by Lyapunov Lemmas. Finally, the performance of the system is verified by comparing the experimental results of different methods.

CHD1 deletion stabilizes HIF1α to promote angiogenesis and glycolysis in prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) deletion is among the most common mutations in prostate cancer (PCa), but its role remains unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing was conducted in PCa cells after clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based CHD1 knockout. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated upregulation of hypoxia-related pathways. A subsequent study confirmed that CHD1 deletion significantly upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression. Mechanistic investigation revealed that CHD1 deletion upregulated HIF1α by transcriptionally downregulating prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2), a prolyl hydroxylase catalyzing the hydroxylation of HIF1α and thus promoting its degradation by the E3 ligase von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL). Functional analysis showed that CHD1 deletion promoted angiogenesis and glycolysis, possibly through HIF1α target genes. Taken together, these findings indicate that CHD1 deletion enhances HIF1α expression through PHD2 downregulation and therefore promotes angiogenesis and metabolic reprogramming in PCa.

Chinese expert consensus on prevention and intervention for the elderly with malnutrition (2022).

Malnutrition is a state of altered body composition and body cell mass due to inadequate intake or utilization of energy or nutrients, leading to physical and mental dysfunction and impaired clinical outcomes. As one of the most common geriatric syndromes, malnutrition in the elderly is a significant risk factor for poor clinical outcomes, causing a massive burden on medical resources and society. The risk factors for malnutrition in the elderly are diverse and include demographics, chronic diseases, and psychosocial factors. Presently, recommendations for the prevention and intervention of malnutrition in the elderly are not clear or consistent in China. This consensus is based on the latest global evidence and multiregional clinical experience in China, which aims to standardize the prevention and intervention of malnutrition in the elderly in China and improve the efficacy of clinical practice and the prognosis of elderly patients.

Specific lysophosphatidylcholine and acylcarnitine related to sarcopenia and its components in older men.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic profiling may provide insights into the pathogenesis and identification of sarcopenia; however, data on the metabolic basis of sarcopenia and muscle-related parameters among older adults remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify the associations of metabolites with sarcopenia and its components, and to explore metabolic perturbations in older men, who have a higher prevalence of sarcopenia than women. METHODS: We simultaneously measured the concentrations of amino acids, carnitine, acylcarnitines, and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) in serum samples from a cross-sectional study of 246 Chinese older men, using targeted metabolomics. Sarcopenia and its components, including skeletal muscle index (SMI), 6-m gait speed, and handgrip strength were assessed according to the algorithm of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Associations were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Sixty-five (26.4%) older men with sarcopenia and 181 (73.6%) without sarcopenia were included in the study. The level of isovalerylcarnitine (C5) was associated with the presence of sarcopenia and SMI. Regarding the overlapped metabolites for muscle parameters, among ten metabolites associated with muscle mass, six metabolites including leucine, octanoyl-L-carnitine (C8), decanoyl-L-carnitine (C10), dodecanoyl-L-carnitine (C12) and tetradecanoyl-L-carnitine (C14), and LPC18:2 were associated with handgrip strength, and three of which (C12, C14, and LPC18:2) were also associated with gait speed. Specifically, tryptophan was positively associated and glycine was negatively associated with handgrip strength, while glutamate was positively correlated with gait speed. Isoleucine, branched chain amino acids, and LPC16:0 were positively associated with SMI. Moreover, the levels of LPC 16:0,18:2 and 18:0 contributed significantly to the model discriminating between older men with and without sarcopenia, whereas there were no significant associations for other amino acids, acylcarnitines, and LPC lipids. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that specific and overlapped metabolites are associated with sarcopenic parameters in older men. This study highlights the potential roles of acylcarnitines and LPCs in sarcopenia and its components, which may provide valuable information regarding the pathogenesis and management of sarcopenia.

Specific Metabolites Involved in Antioxidation and Mitochondrial Function Are Correlated With Frailty in Elderly Men.

BACKGROUND: As an age-related syndrome, frailty may play a central role in poor health among older adults. Sarcopenia overlaps with the physical domain of frailty, and most existing studies have analyzed the associated factors of frailty and sarcopenia as an isolated state. Perturbations in metabolism may play an important role in the presence of frailty or sarcopenia; however, the metabolites associated with frailty, especially overlapping with sarcopenia remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore whether amino acids, carnitines, acylcarnitines and lysophosphatidylcholines, as specific panels, are significantly correlated with frailty, especially overlapping with sarcopenia, to gain insight into potential biomarkers and possible biological mechanisms and to facilitate their management. METHODS: We applied a targeted high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach in serum samples from 246 Chinese older men (age 79.2 ± 7.8 years) with frailty (n = 150), non-frailty (n = 96), frailty and sarcopenia (n = 52), non-frail and non-sarcopenic control (n = 85). Frailty was evaluated using Freid phenotype criteria, sarcopenia was defined by diagnostic algorithm of Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia, and the participants were diagnosed as frailty and sarcopenia when they met the evaluation criteria of both frailty and sarcopenia. A panel of 29 metabolomic profiles was assayed and included different classes of amino acids, carnitines, acylcarnitines, and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs). Multivariate logistic regression was used to screen the metabolic factors contributing to frailty status, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to explore important factors and distinguish different groups. RESULTS: In older men demonstrating the frail phenotype, amino acid perturbations included lower tryptophan and higher glycine levels. With regard to lipid metabolism, the frailty phenotype was characterized by lower concentrations of isovalerylcarnitine (C5), LPC16:0 and LPC18:2, while higher levels of octanoyl-L-carnitine (C8), decanoyl-L-carnitine (C10), dodecanoyl-L-carnitine (C12) and tetradecanoyl-L-carnitine (C14). After adjusting for several clinical confounders, tryptophan, LPC18:2, LPC 16:0 and C5 were negatively correlated with frailty, and C8 and C12 were positively related to frailty. We preliminarily identified metabolic profiles (LPC16:0, LPC18:2, glycine and tryptophan) that may distinguish older men with frailty from those without frailty. Importantly, a set of serum amino acids and LPCs (LPC16:0, LPC18:2, and tryptophan) was characterized in the metabotype of older adults with an overlap of frailty and sarcopenia. The metabolites that were most discriminating of frailty status implied that the underlying mechanism might be involved in antioxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: These present metabolic analyses may provide valuable information on the potential biomarkers and possible biological mechanisms of frailty, and overlapping sarcopenia. The findings obtained may offer insight into their management in older adults.

Clinical features and risk factors of severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: As of June 1, 2020, over 370000 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths have been reported to the World Health Organization. However, the risk factors for patients with moderate-to-severe or severe-to-critical COVID-19 remain unclear. AIM: To explore the characteristics and predictive markers of severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at the B11 Zhongfaxincheng campus and E1-3 Guanggu campus of Tongji Hospital affiliated with Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan. Patients with COVID-19 admitted from 1st February 2020 to 8th March 2020 were enrolled and categorized into 3 groups: The moderate group, severe group and critically ill group. Epidemiological data, demographic data, clinical symptoms and outcomes, complications, laboratory tests and radiographic examinations were collected retrospectively from the hospital information system and then compared between groups. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients were enrolled. There were 59 in the moderate group, 49 in the severe group, and 18 in the critically ill group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age [odd ratio (OR) = 1.055, 95% (confidence interval) CI: 1.099-1.104], elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (OR = 4.019, 95%CI: 1.045-15.467) and elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (OR = 10.126, 95%CI: 1.088 -94.247) were high-risk factors. CONCLUSION: The following indicators can help clinicians identify patients with severe COVID-19 at an early stage: age, an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and high sensitivity cardiac troponin I.

Combined effect of diabetes and frailty on mortality among Chinese older adults: A follow-up study.

Background: Frailty and diabetes are two important health problems associated with aging in older individuals. This paper seeks to analyze the frailty in older adults suffering from diabetes and the combined effect of diabetes and frailty on mortality risk. Methods: The frailty index (FI) model was employed when evaluating frailty among the older adults based on the baseline data conducted in 2009; and death as outcome variables collected in 2020 were analyzed. The influence of diabetes on age-related changes in frailty in the older adults and resulting mortality rates was analyzed. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were applied to evaluate the influence on the risk of death and the 11-year survival of the older adults with varying diabetes and frailty statuses. Results: Ultimately, 1,213 older people aged between 60 and 101, with an average age of (74.79 ± 8.58) at baseline, were included in the analysis. By 2020, there had been 447 deaths with mortality at 36.9% (447/1,213); there were 271 cases of diabetes, with a prevalence of 22.3% (271/1,213). The mean FI value for older adults with diabetes was higher than that of those without regardless of age, and the average annual relative growth rate of the FI value for older adults with diabetes was higher than that of those without diabetes (ß = 0.039 vs. ß = 0.035, t = 8.367, P < 0.001). For all FI value levels, the mortality rate among older adults with diabetes was higher than that of those without. The Cox Regression analysis showed that, compared with those suffering from neither diabetes nor frailty, older adults with both had the higher mortality risk (HR = 1.760. P < 0.001), followed by older adults suffering from frailty alone (HR = 1.594, P = 0.006), and then by older adults suffering from only diabetes (HR = 1.475, P = 0.033). The survival analysis showed that the median survival of those suffering from diabetes and frailty to be the shortest at just 57.23 (95% CI: 54.05 to 60.41) months, lower than the 83.78 (95% CI: 79.33 to 88.23) months in those suffering from frailty alone, and 119.93 (95% CI: 113.84 to 126.02) months in those with only diabetes, and 124.39 (95% CI: 119.76 to 129.02) months in older adults with neither diabetes nor frailty (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Frailty is common among older adults suffering from diabetes, and there is an increased risk of poor health outcomes, such as death, among older adults suffering from diabetes and frailty. When diagnosing, treating, and dealing with older adults with diabetes, attention should be paid to screening and assessing frailty in hopes of identifying it early so that appropriate measures of intervention can be taken to avoid or delay the resulting adverse effects.

Nomogram to Predict the Number of Thrombectomy Device Passes for Acute Ischemic Stroke with Endovascular Thrombectomy.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the number of thrombectomy device passes and establish a nomogram for predicting the number of device pass attempts in patients with successful endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). METHODS: We enrolled patients from a signal comprehensive stroke center (CSC) who underwent EVT because of large vessel occlusion stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop the best-fit nomogram for predicting the number of thrombectomy device passes. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) and a calibration plot with a bootstrap of 1000 resamples. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to measure the availability and effect of this predictive tool. RESULTS: In total, 130 patients (mean age 64.9 ± 11.1 years; 83 males) were included in the final analysis. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.085; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005-1.172; p = 0.036), baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early computed tomography (ASPECTS) score (OR, 0.237; 95% CI, 0.115-0.486; p < 0.001), and homocysteine level (OR, 1.090; 95% CI, 1.028-1.155; p = 0.004) were independent predictors of device pass number and were thus incorporated into the nomogram. The AUC-ROC determined the discrimination ability of the nomogram, which was 0.921 (95% CI, 0.860-0.980), which indicated good predictive power. Moreover, the calibration plot revealed good predictive accuracy of the nomogram. The DCA demonstrated that when the threshold probabilities of the cohort ranged between 5.0% and 98.0%, the use of the nomogram to predict a device pass number > 3 provided greater net benefit than did "treat all" or "treat none" strategies. CONCLUSION: The nomogram comprised age, baseline ASPECTS score, and homocysteine level, can predict a device pass number >3 in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who are undergoing EVT.

Frailty Status Among the Elderly of Different Genders and the Death Risk: A Follow-Up Study.

Background: Frailty in the elderly population is currently a frontier and focus in the field of health and aging. The goal of this study was to explore the frailty status among the elderly of different genders and its influence on the risk of death during 11 years. Methods: Frailty index (FI) was used to evaluate the frailty status in the elderly based on the baseline data conducted in 2009; and death as outcome variables collected in 2020 were analyzed. The difference of the frailty level and mortality of different genders was compared. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were applied to evaluate the influence on the risk of death and the 11-year survival of the elderly at different level of frailty, respectively. Results: Totally, 1,246 elderly people were recruited. The mortality in men (43.7%, 227/519) was statistically higher than that in women (34.3%, 249/727) (x 2 = 11.546, P = 0.001). Deficits accumulated exponentially with age, and at all ages, women accumulated more deficits than do men on average (B = 0.030 vs. 0.028, t = 4.137, P = 0.023). For any given level of frailty, the mortality rate is higher in men than in women, and the difference in mortality between genders reached the peak when FI value was 0.26. Cox regression analysis showed that FI value had a greater impact on the risk of death in older men (HR = 1.171, 95%CI: 1.139~1.249)than that in older women (HR = 1.119, 95%CI: 1.039~1.137). Survival analysis showed that the median 11-year survival time in women was longer than that in men (95.26 vs. 89.52 months, Log rank = 9.249, P = 0.002). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the survival rate decreased with the increase of frailty, and at the same level of frailty, survival time in older women was longer than that in older men, except for severe frailty (FI ≥ 0.5). Conclusion: The frailty status and its influence on mortality are different among the older people of different genders; therefore, specific interventions for frailty should be conducted in the elderly population of different genders, as well as of different degrees of frailty.

[Influence of Impervious Surface Roughness on Accumulation and Erosion of Urban Non-Point Source Particles].

At present, there are few reports about how impervious surface microstructure characteristics affect the runoff output process of street dust. Based on field observations of 12 rainfall events, this study quantified the microstructure characteristics of impervious surfaces by structural depth (roughness) and analyzed the correlation between roughness and accumulation characteristics of street dust on sunny days as well as scouring characteristics in rainy days. The results show that the roughness of the underlying surface notably affects dust accumulation on sunny days and scouring in rainy days. The correlation between roughness and street dust accumulation (r=0.664, P<0.01) was enhanced on sunny days, and the correlation between roughness and street dust erosion (r=0.527, P<0.01) was enhanced by rainfall. The correlation of street dust accumulation and roughness of each particle size segment increased as particle size increased (0.529 ≤ r<0.757), and the correlation between street dust scouring amount and roughness decreased as particle size increased (0.603 > R > 0.209). By establishing the linear regression model of roughness and rainfall, the cumulative pollution load of TSS in rainfall runoff can be well predicted. The effects of roughness and rainfall on the cumulative load of grain sizes<20 µm and >250 µm are significant. These results elucidate the role of roughness and rainfall analysis in predicting surface runoff pollution load characteristics, which can provide new information for predicting and evaluating urban non-point source pollution.

The Membrane Interaction of Alpha-Synuclein.

A presynaptic protein closely related to Parkinson's disease (PD), α-synuclein (α-Syn), has been studied extensively regarding its pathogenic mechanisms. As a physiological protein in presynapses, however, α-Syn's physiological function remains unclear. Its location in nerve terminals and effects on membrane fusion also imply its functional role in synaptic transmission, including its possible interaction with high-curvature membranes via its N-terminus and amorphous C-terminus. PD-related mutants that disrupt the membrane interaction (e.g., A30P and G51D) additionally suggest a relationship between α-Syn's pathogenic mechanisms and physiological roles through the membrane binding. Here, we summarize recent research on how α-Syn and its variants interact with membranes and influence synaptic transmission. We list several membrane-related connections between the protein's physiological function and the pathological mechanisms that stand to expand current understandings of α-Syn.

[Transition of Particulate Pollutant in the Parcel-based Catchment of Sponge City].

Most sponge city constructions in China are carried out in urban parcel-based catchments, and the quality and quantity of surface runoff can be controlled by several low impact development (LID) facilities. However, there are few reports on the generation and control of urban diffuse pollution. In this study, two areas with different hardening rates were compared to analyze the load conditions during the accumulation-wash-off-transport process of particulate pollutants. The results showed that the road surface in the catchment was the main underlying surface that the particulate pollutants contributed to. The road dust accumulation in the medium hardening rate (61.1%) and high hardening rate (73.6%) plots accounted for 88.4% (2.22-12.51 g ·m-2) and 90.1% (4.99-33.43 g ·m-2) of the catchment area unit, respectively. The contribution to the suspended solids (SS) load of runoff was 91.7% (0.97-7.34 g ·m-2) and 90.5% (0.92-18.77 g ·m-2), respectively. The SS load of road runoff accounted for approximately 95.2% and 83.1%, respectively. The pollution load (SS) after treatment by the LID facilities was approximately 24.0% and 40.2% of the surface runoff, respectively. The particle size distribution of road dust during the accumulation and wash-off processes was>150 µm, while that in surface and output runoff was <50 µm. With the increase in the impervious area, the distribution of finer particles (<105 µm) in the process of accumulation and wash-off increased (24.4%, 106.4%), while the distribution of particles <50 µm in road runoff decreased (12.4%). The particle size distribution of the accumulated, washed dust, and the rain runoff on the roof were roughly similar to those on the road. However, compared to the particle size distribution of road dust, in the accumulation and wash-off processes, the coarser particles (>1000 µm) of the medium hardening rate plot and the particles of size 250-450 µm and <45 µm of the high hardening rate plot increased significantly (>1000 µm: 58.1%, 108.5%; 250-450 µm: 72.9%, 41.8%; <45 µm: 59.2%, 64.8%). The results revealed the entire distribution process (accumulation-wash-off-transport) of particulate pollutants and the effect of LID facilities on the total SS pollution load of the catchment, which can provide an important reference for the scientific assessment of the project performance of LID installation in urban parcel-based catchments.

Synergistic modification of bentonite by acid activation and hydroxyl iron pillaring for enhanced dye adsorption capacity.

Despite the fact of natural abundance, low cost and environmental friendliness, the far-from-sufficient adsorption capacity of natural bentonite (BT) has limited such a promising application to remove dye pollutants. In this paper, we proposed a facile modification strategy to enhance adsorption performance of bentonite utilizing synergistic acid activation and hydroxyl iron pillaring, by which the adsorbent (abbreviated as S-Fe-BT) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (246.06 mg/g) and a high rapid adsorption rate for a typical organic dye, Rhodamine B (RhB). This could be ascribed to the increased interlayer spacing, the increased specific surface area, and the optimized OH/Fe ratio after the synthetic modification of the pristine BT. The adsorption behavior of RhB onto S-Fe-BT was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemical-adsorption-controlled process. Furthermore, its adsorption isotherm matched well with the Langmuir model due to a monolayer adsorption process. This paper opens a promising direction to remove the dye pollution using low cost bentonite adsorbents treated by such a convenient modification strategy.

Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in the elderly in China.

The population is commonly susceptible to the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), especially the elderly with comorbidities. Elderly patients infected with 2019-nCoV tend to have higher rates of severe illness and mortality. Immunosenescence is an important cause of severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in the elderly. Due to the combination of underlying diseases, elderly patients may exhibit atypical manifestations in clinical symptoms, supplementary examinations, and pulmonary imaging, deserving particular attention. The general condition of the elderly should be considered during diagnosis and treatment. In addition to routine care and measures-such as oxygen therapy, antiviral therapy, and respiratory support-treatment of underlying disease, nutritional support, sputum expectoration complication prevention, and psychological support should also be considered for elderly patients. Based on a literature review and expert panel discussion, we drafted the "Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in the elderly in China," aiming to provide help with the prevention and treatment of NCP and the reduction of harm to the elderly population.

Successful treatment with pazopanib plus PD-1 inhibitor and RAK cells for advanced primary hepatic angiosarcoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) is a rare and aggressive solid tumor, with high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis, and poor prognosis. There are no established treatment guidelines for PHA. CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old asymptomatic man with PHA that was successfully treated with pazopanib plus PD-1 inhibitor and RetroNectin-activated killer cells (RAK cells). After one month of treatment, there was a clear reduction in the size and number of the liver metastases; and after nearly 15 months, most of the lesions were stable, no new lesions had developed, and the side effect of treatment was minor. CONCLUSION: Pazopanib, PD-1 inhibitor and RAK cells could serve as a potential option for the treatment of advanced PHA.